宿根福禄考幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应

以盆栽宿根福禄考幼苗为试材,研究了不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理对其叶片丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量的影响,以探讨宿根福禄考幼苗对盐胁迫的生理适应特性。结果表明:在低于120mmol·L~(-1) NaCl胁迫处理下,宿根福禄考幼苗丙二醛含量增加幅度并不大;当胁迫浓度超过120mmol·L~(-1)时,其含量骤然增加;随着NaCl胁迫浓度的升高,可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量均呈"先升高后下降"的趋势;可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸二者同步积累,共同发挥其渗透调节功能。     

Genetics of multiple disease resistance in a doubled-haploid population of barley

The barley accession Q21861 possesses resistance to the stem-rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), leaf-rust (P. hordei), and powdery-mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) pathogens. An anther-culture-derived doubled-haploid population was produced from F₁ plants from a cross of this accession and the susceptible breeding line SM89010 as a means of rapidly and efficiently determining the genetics of multiple disease resistance. The doubled-haploid population segregated 1:1 (resistant:susceptible) for resistance to the stem rust pathotype QCC indicating the involvement of a single resistance gene, rpg4. Two-gene (3:1) and one-gene (1:1) segregation ratios were observed for resistance to the stem-rust pathotype MCC at low (23–25°c) and high (27–29°C) temperature, respectively. These different segregation patterns were due to a pathotype × temperature interaction exhibited by rpg4 and Rpg1. another stem-rust-resistance gene present in Q21861. One-gene and two-gene segregation ratios were observed in reaction to the leaf rust and powdery mildew pathogens. These data demonstrate the utility of doubled haploid populations for determining the genetics of multiple disease resistance in barley.     

Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular tripeptidyl peptidase from Rhizopus oligosporus

A novel extracellular tripeptidyl peptidase (TPP) was homogenously purified from the culture supernatant of Rhizopus oligosporus by sequential fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified enzyme was a 136.5 kDa dimer composed of identical subunits. The effects of inhibitors and metal ions indicated that TPP is a metallo- and serine protease. TPP was activated by divalent cations, such as Co(2+) and Mn(2+), and completely inhibited by Cu(2+). Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 7.0 and 45 °C with a specific activity of 281.9 units/mg for the substrate Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA. The purified enzyme catalyzed cleavage of various synthetic tripeptides but not when proline occupied the P1 position. Purified TPP cleaved the pentapeptide Ala-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Tyr and tripeptide Ala-Ala-Phe, confirming the TPP activity of the enzyme.     

鸡体鸡笼阻挡对密闭鸡舍气流运动影响的数值研究

在建立密闭式鸡舍机械通风系统气流运动方程的基础上,推导了由流函数和势函数表示的气流运动控制方程。根据能量变分原理,导出了平面等参可变节点的统一有限元模型。重点讨论了流函数形式下的多连通域(即鸡舍内存在阻挡物)方程的数值分析法。提出了采用流场叠加法求解时的两种内边界条件确定方法:①切向循环速度为零条件:在任一封闭内边界上切向循环速度为零;②能量最小条件:真实内边界条件使整体流场的能量最小。通过上述两种条件建立了原方程的补充代数方程,使问题得到了圆满解决。运用数值模拟,比较了横向通风与纵向通风系统在舍内气流分布型式上的特点。结果表明,在纵向通风形式下,鸡舍内的气流分布非常均匀,鸡体鸡笼等障碍物对空气运动的阻挡作用不十分明显。相反,横向通风系统的气流分布极不均匀,尤其下部鸡笼周围的气流速度大大降低。     

Association between weight change during initial chemotherapy and clinical outcome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma

The majority of the known prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma have been evaluated before treatment commences or at the time of diagnosis. Prognostic factors evaluated during the initial phase of treatment are less described but may provide important clinical information. In this retrospective study, 82 canine lymphoma patients were categorized according to the weight change between diagnosis and after 5 weeks of chemotherapy. Dogs that gained greater than 5% or lost greater than 5% of initial body weight were categorized as increased‐ or decreased‐weight groups, respectively. Those in which weight changed less than 5% were categorized as the maintained‐weight group. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 226, 256 and 129 days, respectively. The decreased‐weight group had significantly shorter PFS than the increased and maintained groups (P = .023, P = .003, respectively). The median survival time (ST) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 320, 339 and 222 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in ST among the three groups (P = .128). In Cox‐regression results, weight change group and initial body weight were significant risk factors associated to PFS (P = .007, P = .001, respectively) while only patient's initial body weight was a significant risk factor to ST (P = .013). In conclusion, evaluation of initial body weight and weight changes over time can provide valuable information regarding PFS and ST in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.     

以電化學分析法探討堆肥對土壤三價砷活性的影響

台灣西南沿?貐^土壤中砷含量有偏高情形,砷含量過高會經由各種途徑對人體造成毒害。以X-射線繞射儀與傅立葉轉換紅外線吸收光譜儀證明普魯士藍對三價砷的孯恍晕綑C制,再以普魯士藍修飾電極搭配流動注入系統來偵測土壤三價砷,並探討堆肥對三價砷在不同土壤中吸附與脫附的影響。試驗結果得知電化學分析技術可快速、簡便且準確地偵測土壤三價砷,且結果中也指出堆肥處理會增加秀水與後里土壤對三價砷的吸附。此外,三種土壤不論有無施用堆肥,脫附百分率的大小順序爲興大>秀水>後里,其中秀水土壤雖在施用堆肥後吸附力大小明顯增加,但脫附百分率下降的情形較不明顯,顯示黏土礦物種類與含量控制三價砷的脫附行爲。     

南黄杂种牛与本地黄牛生长发育对比研究

针对甘南本地黄牛体格小、生产性能低的现状，用南德温牛细管冻精授配甘南本地黄牛，结果表明，南杂F1代个体具有早熟、生长快、耐粗饲、饲料转化率高、抗病力强、难产率低等一系列优良特性，很适合当地黄牛养殖区大面积推广。     

Multiple forms of esterases in mouse,rat, and rabbit liver,and their role in hydrolysis of organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides

Six to seven esterases from mouse, rat, and rabbit liver microsomes were resolved by chromatofocusing in the pH range 7–4. Each esterase peak showed a different substrate specificity pattern with the substrates evaluated. Malathion and paraoxon hydrolysis always corresponded with p-nitrophenyl acetate and methylthiobutyrate hydrolysis, whereas the pattern of fenvalerate hydrolysis was more complicated. Phosphorotriester hydrolase activity was isolated, and was found to be more specific toward paraoxon than toward the other insecticides. Time-course studies of paraoxon hydrolysis indicated that the hydrolysis of paraoxon by carboxylesterase was an inhibitory reaction. This reaction and phosphorotriester hydrolase activity can serve as a detoxication reaction toward organophosphate insecticides.     

半日潮海区任意时刻潮流推算方法的改进

根据航运、海洋渔业及养殖业的需要，给出了半日海潮区潮流计算的几种方法，并对传统的方法进行改进，给出新的潮流推算公式，提高了计算精度并简化了查表计算过程。